T-056: Smaller packings for 49 counts from to , each certified two independent ways
V3 C3 upper bound confirmed superseded by T-098, T-113, T-115, T-116, T-117, T-118, T-119, T-125 and T-127
For each of 49 counts n from 68 to 307, is at most the verified upper bound its case record carries, from Francisco Couzo's packings as published on 27 September 2026. The counts are 68, 102, 103, 105, 106, 110, 123, 130, 131, 132, 152, 154, 155, 156, 172, 177, 180, 181, 182, 199, 206 to 210, 228, 236 to 241, 259, 263, 268 to 273, 292, 297 and 301 to 307.
Each bound is the side the source prints, from 8.798795237222592 at to 17.981030548643712 at , or, where the printed pose's own side rounds up past it, that side plus one unit of its fifteenth decimal at 26 counts and 2, 3 and 2 units at , 259 and 305. Every printed side is below the best known side this project recorded before, by 3.0e-8 at up to 0.022 at , and below the live catalogue of 29 September 2026.
Each bound is certified here twice, by methods that share no geometry code. The first is an exact rational packing, the source's decimal pose rounded to rationals at centre dilation 1, decided pair by pair and wall by wall over Q by two checkers that share no code. The second is outward-rounded interval arithmetic on the source's own pose as printed, with the true cosine and sine of each angle, which decides every pair and wall at 40 digits and encloses the pose's extent to within 1e-39.
Francisco Couzo, franciscouzo/square-packing. The author said on jlevy/squares#227 that he found the 102 and 103 packings "with the help of Claude", and the repository itself states no AI assistance.
Significance, composition and next rung
- Significance
- Forty-nine substantive case results at once: each moves the best known side at its count, 28 of them by more than 0.001, and each moves this repository's verified ceiling off the integer grid onto a certified packing, so 46 cases stop trailing their report. S3 by the anchor "a substantive case result"; the source publishes no method, so nothing here is a reusable technique.
- Composition
- Both machine entries decide all 49 bounds, each at its case's verified value, by different methods (exact-algebraic on a rational rounding of each pose; interval-certified on the printed pose), so every load-bearing part is C3, with two machine methods shown beside the rung. Their common mode is stated in E-franciscouzo-2026-09-27-interval-replay. The comparisons with earlier sides and the live catalogue are recorded values and set no rung.
- Next rung
- V4 and C4 need two adversarial AI reviews by distinct reviewers of the complete claim and a human oversight record; the two reviews so far, of 2026-09-29 and 2026-09-30, are same-project reviews of each route and are not recorded in this entry's reviews. At , 259 and 305 both routes refute the printed side for the printed pose, so the printed side itself needs a different pose, refined beyond the source's binary64 digits, or coordinates the source prints at higher precision; that would be a new packing, not a replay.
- Novelty
- previously-published Present in an identified source
The cases
This result concerns 49 cases, too many to draw one by one. Each is listed with the film’s bounds, the proved lower bound and the best known side, and links to its case record, where its packing and number line are drawn.
| n | Proved lower | Best known | Gap | Status | Records |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 68 | 8.510000 | 8.798796 | 0.28879523… | open= | frontier n-068.md |
| 102 | 10.280000 | 10.605829 | 0.32582869… | frontier n-102.md | |
| 103 | 10.679233 | 0.39923204… | frontier n-103.md | ||
| 105 | 10.790677 | 0.51067657… | frontier n-105.md | ||
| 106 | 10.310708 | 10.822909 | 0.51219960… | open≈ | frontier n-106.md |
| 110 | 10.512492 | 10.996784 | 0.48429119… | frontier n-110.md | |
| 123 | 11.094810 | 11.591379 | 0.49656809… | open= | frontier n-123.md |
| 130 | 11.420164 | 11.904484 | 0.48431819… | frontier n-130.md | |
| 131 | 11.465856 | 11.951151 | 0.48529394… | frontier n-131.md | |
| 132 | 11.511357 | 11.991328 | 0.47997011… | open≈ | frontier n-132.md |
| 152 | 12.342719 | 12.830719 | 0.48799951… | frontier n-152.md | |
| 154 | 12.426860 | 12.926563 | 0.49970180… | open= | frontier n-154.md |
| 155 | 12.468709 | 12.952504 | 0.48379399… | frontier n-155.md | |
| 156 | 12.510412 | 12.982083 | 0.47167054… | open≈ | frontier n-156.md |
| 172 | 13.119429 | 13.618989 | 0.49955949… | frontier n-172.md | |
| 177 | 13.316005 | 13.822980 | 0.50697411… | frontier n-177.md | |
| 180 | 13.432517 | 13.917654 | 0.48513626… | open= | frontier n-180.md |
| 181 | 13.471121 | 13.953749 | 0.48262705… | open≈ | frontier n-181.md |
| 182 | 13.509611 | 13.974091 | 0.46447888… | frontier n-182.md | |
| 199 | 14.110657 | 14.617573 | 0.50691458… | open= | frontier n-199.md |
| 206 | 14.365424 | 14.860159 | 0.49473403… | open≈ | frontier n-206.md |
| 207 | 14.401438 | 14.887993 | 0.48655348… | open= | frontier n-207.md |
| 208 | 14.437359 | 14.924519 | 0.48715890… | frontier n-208.md | |
| 209 | 14.473188 | 14.949618 | 0.47642933… | frontier n-209.md | |
| 210 | 14.508925 | 14.973002 | 0.46407539… | open≈ | frontier n-210.md |
| 228 | 15.103081 | 15.604603 | 0.50152058… | frontier n-228.md | |
| 236 | 15.374474 | 15.867801 | 0.49332605… | open= | frontier n-236.md |
| 237 | 15.408051 | 15.903677 | 0.49562471… | frontier n-237.md | |
| 238 | 15.441552 | 15.926147 | 0.48459405… | frontier n-238.md | |
| 239 | 15.474979 | 15.949314 | 0.47433403… | frontier n-239.md | |
| 240 | 15.508331 | 15.969686 | 0.46135431… | open≈ | frontier n-240.md |
| 241 | 15.541608 | 15.988133 | 0.44652348… | frontier n-241.md | |
| 259 | 16.096473 | 16.602569 | 0.50609453… | frontier n-259.md | |
| 263 | 16.224185 | 16.740420 | 0.51623448… | open= | frontier n-263.md |
| 268 | 16.382380 | 16.878815 | 0.49643464… | open≈ | frontier n-268.md |
| 269 | 16.413830 | 16.905968 | 0.49213659… | frontier n-269.md | |
| 270 | 16.445218 | 16.937808 | 0.49258850… | open= | frontier n-270.md |
| 271 | 16.476545 | 16.950821 | 0.47427548… | open≈ | frontier n-271.md |
| 272 | 16.507810 | 16.968111 | 0.46029955… | open= | frontier n-272.md |
| 273 | 16.539014 | 16.983926 | 0.44491103… | open≈ | frontier n-273.md |
| 292 | 17.090660 | 17.597250 | 0.50658936… | open= | frontier n-292.md |
| 297 | 17.240669 | 17.740418 | 0.49974824… | open≈ | frontier n-297.md |
| 301 | 17.359715 | 17.846668 | 0.48695189… | frontier n-301.md | |
| 302 | 17.389345 | 17.881307 | 0.49196046… | open= | frontier n-302.md |
| 303 | 17.418924 | 17.920313 | 0.50138805… | frontier n-303.md | |
| 304 | 17.448451 | 17.934651 | 0.48619876… | open≈ | frontier n-304.md |
| 305 | 17.477926 | 17.952960 | 0.47503261… | frontier n-305.md | |
| 306 | 17.507351 | 17.963439 | 0.45608678… | frontier n-306.md | |
| 307 | 17.536725 | 17.981031 | 0.44430551… | frontier n-307.md |
Results on these cases
37 results in the register on these cases, oldest first
2005 published T-007 · 49 of these cases
for
lower bound incomplete
Nagamochi · Nagamochi 2005 · source · register
2026-09-04 published T-085 · 49 of these cases
Nagamochi 2005, Lemma 1 is false for every container with and
correction confirmed
Karakuş; chelokot · Karakuş 2026 · chelokot Nagamochi counterexample 2026 · packet · register
2026-09-22 published T-044 · case 68
Weighted point lower bounds for ten counts in , plus seven from the same files
lower bound confirmed superseded by T-068 and T-074
wand125 after Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 point bounds 2026 · packet · source · review · register
2026-09-27 published T-046 · case 68
Rectangle-density lower bounds reported for 48 counts in
lower bound recorded superseded by T-068 and T-074
wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026 · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-09-28 · packet · packet · register
2026-09-27 published T-056 this result · 49 of these cases
Smaller packings for 49 counts from to , each certified two independent ways
upper bound confirmed superseded by T-098, T-113, T-115, T-116, T-117, T-118, T-119, T-125 and T-127
Couzo · franciscouzo square-packing 2026-09-27 · packet · register
2026-09-28 published T-070 · case 68
Rectangle-density lower bounds replayed at 25 counts in
lower bound confirmed superseded by T-068 and T-074
wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-09-28 · packet · packet · source · review · register
2026-09-29 published T-058 · case 68
Rectangle-certificate ceiling
α·UB(n)proved for ..100;B·UB(n)on 64 grid rowsmethod limit confirmed
wand125 after Tokoharu, Daniel · wand125 tools 2026 · packet · register
2026-09-29 published T-083 · 49 of these cases
for every nonsquare
lower bound confirmed
Karakuş · Karakuş 2026 · source · register
2026-10-01 published T-068 · case 68
Rectangle-density lower bounds verified at 34 counts in
lower bound confirmed
wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-10-01 · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-01 published T-074 · case 68
Rectangle-density lower bounds replayed at 31 counts in
lower bound confirmed
wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-10-01 · packet · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-02 published T-073 · cases 102, 103, 105
Linear-measure lower bounds replayed at and
lower bound confirmed
wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 linear certificates 2026-10-02 · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-02 published T-080 · cases 102, 103, 105
Linear-measure lower bound replayed at
lower bound confirmed
wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 linear certificates 2026-10-02 · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-03 published T-092 · 7 of these cases
Smaller packings again at seven counts from to , each certified two independent ways
upper bound confirmed superseded by T-098, T-113, T-116, T-119 and T-127
Couzo · franciscouzo square-packing 2026-10-03 · packet · register
2026-10-05 published T-098 · 46 of these cases
Exact optima of 48 known-best packings:
s(n) ≤ S',3.5e-13to5.0e-11below each printed sideupper bound confirmed
Daniel after Couzo, de Winter, Ellsworth, Levy · evand exact optima 2026-10-05 · packet · register
2026-10-07 published T-113 · 7 of these cases
at ten counts, to 303, from new SQUISH rational packings
upper bound confirmed
Chaoweeraprasit after Ellsworth · SQUISH ten packings 2026-10-07 · packet · register
2026-10-07 published T-115 · 8 of these cases
at twelve counts, from the SQUISH update’s new and smaller rational packings
upper bound confirmed
Chaoweeraprasit after Couzo and Ellsworth · SQUISH update 2026-10-07 · packet · register
2026-10-07 published T-116 · 6 of these cases
at nine counts, from the second SQUISH update’s new rational packings
upper bound confirmed
Chaoweeraprasit after Ellsworth, Couzo and SQUISH · SQUISH second update 2026-10-07 · packet · register
2026-10-07 published T-117 · cases 105, 292
Exact rational ceiling refinements at , 292
upper bound confirmed
Rehwaldt after Couzo and earlier contributors · Rehwaldt Couzo refinements 2026-10-07 · packet · register
2026-10-07 published T-118 · case 68
Exact rational ceiling refinements at
upper bound confirmed
Rehwaldt after Couzo and earlier contributors · Rehwaldt n68 refinement 2026-10-07 · packet · register
2026-10-07 published T-119 · cases 270, 272
Three exact feasible upper bounds at n=266,270,272 from new source arrangements
upper bound confirmed
Daniel after Levy, Ellsworth, Couzo, Stead · Daniel new arrangements 2026-10-07 · packet · register
2026-10-07 published T-120 · case 102
Reported
s(102) ≤ alpha_102with a degree-8 exact side formupper bound recorded superseded by T-125
Daniel after Couzo · Daniel exact and local reports 2026 · packet · register
2026-10-07 published T-121 · case 106
Reported
s(106) ≤ alpha_106with a degree-32 exact side formupper bound recorded
Daniel after Couzo · Daniel exact and local reports 2026 · packet · register
2026-10-07 published T-122 · case 152
Reported
s(152) ≤ alpha_152with a degree-40 exact side formupper bound recorded
Daniel after Couzo · Daniel exact and local reports 2026 · packet · register
2026-10-07 published T-123 · case 177
Reported
s(177) ≤ alpha_177with a degree-32 exact side formupper bound recorded
Daniel after Couzo · Daniel exact and local reports 2026 · packet · register
2026-10-07 published T-129 · cases 105, 130, 292
Three dated Daniel certificate reports with historical source custody
upper bound recorded superseded by T-117, T-125 and T-127
Daniel after Couzo, Levy · Daniel dated certificates 105 and 130 2026-10-07 · Daniel dated certificate 292 2026-10-07 · packet · packet · packet · register
2026-10-08 published T-125 · 8 of these cases
Complete rational construction reports at 25 counts
upper bound confirmed
ry-xu · ry-xu square packing 2026 · packet · register
2026-10-08 published T-127 · 12 of these cases
Fourteen rational refinements, seventeen complete source cases
upper bound confirmed
Gupta after Chaoweeraprasit, Daniel · Gupta rational refinements 2026-10-08 · packet · register
2026-10-08 published T-128 · 6 of these cases
Eight complete rational refinements from Francisco Couzo
upper bound confirmed
Couzo after Xu, Chaoweeraprasit, Gupta, Ellsworth, Daniel, Levy · Couzo exact refinements 2026-10-08 · packet · register
2026-10-08 published T-130 · cases 105, 270
Five follow-up rational refinements from Francisco Couzo
upper bound confirmed
Couzo after Xu, Daniel, Ellsworth, Levy · Couzo follow-up refinements 2026-10-08 · packet · register
2026-10-09 published T-131 · case 132
from Evan Daniel's record hunt
upper bound confirmed
Daniel after Couzo, Chaoweeraprasit, Levy · Daniel record hunt 2026-10-09 · packet · register
2026-10-09 published T-134 · 5 of these cases
Six exact rational certificates from Francisco Couzo
upper bound confirmed
Couzo after Mishapolk, Chaoweeraprasit, Gupta, Xu, Daniel, Ellsworth, Levy · Couzo exact certificates 2026-10-09 · packet · register
2026-10-09 published T-136 · 15 of these cases
Seventeen exact rational packings from SQUISH's third request
upper bound confirmed
Chaoweeraprasit after Couzo, Xu, Goebel, Schadt, Ellsworth, Hajba, Levy · SQUISH third request 2026-10-09 · packet · register
2026-10-09 published T-138 · 9 of these cases
Exact witnesses at Mishapolk's printed ceilings, the smallest known at 103 and 258 when registered
upper bound confirmed
Mishapolk after Stenlund, Friedman, Ellsworth, Chaoweeraprasit, Couzo, Xu, Levy · Mishapolk decimal poses 2026-10-09 · packet · register
2026-10-10 published T-140 · 5 of these cases
Six more exact rational certificates from Francisco Couzo
upper bound confirmed
Couzo after Chaoweeraprasit, Mishapolk, Xu, Daniel, Ellsworth, Levy · Couzo certificates 2026-10-10 · packet · register
2026-10-10 published T-141 · case 132
Exact rational certificates at 132 and 308 from Evan Daniel's third record hunt
upper bound confirmed
Daniel after Fang, Arslanov, Mustafin, Shangitbayev, Couzo, Levy · Daniel record hunt 3 2026-10-10 · packet · register
2026-10-10 published T-144 · case 123
Linear-measure lower bound for , reported
lower bound recorded
wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 linear n122 2026-10-10 · packet · register
2026-10-10 published T-146 · 9 of these cases
Exact rational certificates at fifteen counts from Evan Daniel's regularized record lists
upper bound confirmed
Daniel after Xu, Chaoweeraprasit, Mishapolk, Levy · Daniel regularized lists 2026-10-10 · packet · register
Links
- On this site
- The frontier survey · T-056 in the results table
On GitHub, at main
- Register
- T-056 in
results.yaml, line 4903 - Evidence
E-franciscouzo-2026-09-27-report·E-franciscouzo-2026-09-27-exact-replay·E-franciscouzo-2026-09-27-interval-replay- Proofs and certificates
- certificate
franciscouzo-2026· certificatefacts - Sources
- franciscouzo square-packing 2026-09-27 (its own site, retained copy)
- Source packet
resources/web/franciscouzo-square-packing-2026-09-27/README.md- Artifacts
14 artifacts and controls
resources/web/franciscouzo-square-packing-2026-09-27/README.mdresources/web/franciscouzo-square-packing-2026-09-27/acquisition/sources.json.gzresources/web/franciscouzo-square-packing-2026-09-27/receipts/certification.json.gzresources/web/franciscouzo-square-packing-2026-09-27/receipts/interval-certification.jsondevtools/upper_bound_packets.pydevtools/check_rational_witness_independent.pydevtools/upper_bound_intervals.pydevtools/apply_upper_bound_packets.pydocs/project/reviews/review-2026-09-29-issue-227-upper-bound-packings.mddocs/project/reviews/review-2026-09-30-interval-route-t056-t057.mdresources/web/franciscouzo-square-packing-2026-09-27/receipts/negative-controls.jsonresources/web/franciscouzo-square-packing-2026-09-27/receipts/interval-negative-controls.jsontests/test_upper_bound_packets.pytests/test_upper_bound_intervals.py- Case file
- each case’s file is linked from its row above