T-044: Weighted point lower bounds for ten counts in n=26…72, plus seven from the same files

V3 C3 lower bound confirmed superseded by T-068, T-074, T-082, T-090, T-091, T-105, T-108, T-110, T-111 and T-145

2026-09-22 published · wand125 after Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · 17 cases, n=26 to 73

Ten exact weighted point certificates in wand125/square-packing-bounds, of 22 September 2026, prove s(26)≥109/20, s(29)≥557/100, s(39)≥13/2, s(40)≥13/2, s(53)≥369/50, s(55)≥377/50, s(56)≥381/50, s(69)≥841/100, s(70)≥171/20 and s(72)≥861/100.

Four more counts follow from the same files: s(41)≥13/2 from the n=39 file and s(71)≥171/20 from the n=70 file by monotonicity, and s(52)≥369/50 and s(68)≥841/100 because the n=53 and n=69 files have exact mass below 52 and 68, and only the mass condition mentions the count.

Three more follow by monotonicity since 2 October 2026: s(54)≥369/50 from the n=53 file, s(57)≥381/50 from the n=56 file and s(73)≥861/100 from the n=72 file. Nagamochi's closed form, stronger at those counts, had held their verified fields until its published proof was found incomplete (T-085).

Every file was replayed here in full on 22 September 2026 by this repository's exact verifier, sqpack.fractional.certificate, over the complete 201-direction net through the source's adapter check_with_sqpack.py.

wand125, square-packing-bounds, building on this project: the source says "The method is not ours", credits jlevy/squares for the generator, and checks with this project's verifier.

Significance, composition and next rung
Significance
The first certificate-backed lower bounds at twelve counts from 39 to 72, above the Green values DS7 has reported without proof since 2009 and above Nagamochi's closed form by 0.02 to 0.21. A substantive family of case results at S3; the generator and verifier are this project's, run by someone else, so it is not S4's new technique.
Composition
Ten primary certificates and seven derived counts. At n=41, 54, 57, 71 and 73 the derivation is monotonicity from the n=39, 53, 56, 70 and 72 files; at n=52 and 68 it is the exact mass inequality on the n=53 and n=69 files, recorded as their own audited entries. Each step is one exact comparison and adds no premise, so every count keeps the replay's V3/C3. All five entries are exact-algebraic, which is one machine method.
Next rung
V4 and C4 need two adversarial AI reviews by distinct reviewers and a human oversight record, and none is retained. An interval-certified decision of the same ten files with this repository's fractional interval route, which decides weighted point certificates of this schema, would be a second machine method. No packing/tests control reads this packet; the control named is the verifier's own adversarial suite.

wand125's replayed rectangle certificates superseded these as the verified lower bound on 2026-10-02 at n=40 (T-045), at n=39, 41, 52, 53, 55 and 68 to 72 (T-070), and at n=56 (T-074), the last count they held then. The three counts this entry took the same day when Karakuş's finding (T-085) moved Nagamochi's closed form out of the verified lane, n=54, 57 and 73, were superseded too, at n=54 and 57 by T-074 and at n=73 by T-070, as the two lines were merged on 2026-10-03; it holds none, and stays true as stated. At n=26 and n=29 superseded on intake, 2026-09-22, by Tokoharu's density certificates (T-047), before either held the verified field; stays true as stated.
Novelty
previously-published Present in an identified source

The cases

This result concerns 17 cases, too many to draw one by one. Each is listed with the film’s bounds, the proved lower bound and the best known side, and links to its case record, where its packing and number line are drawn.

nProved lowerBest knownGapStatusRecords
265.5450005.6213210.07632034…open=frontier n-026.md
295.8100005.9338340.12383346…open≈frontier n-029.md
396.6500006.8107230.16072208…open=frontier n-039.md
406.7158156.8284280.11261137…open=Rfrontier n-040.md
416.7750006.9266940.15169309…open=frontier n-041.md
527.5500007.7071070.15710678…frontier n-052.md
537.6275007.8228760.19537565…frontier n-053.md
547.6850007.8466680.16166719…frontier n-054.md
557.7280007.9457720.21777100…open≈frontier n-055.md
567.80250080.1975open=frontier n-056.md
577.8725000.1275frontier n-057.md
688.5100008.7987960.28879523…frontier n-068.md
698.6200008.8271950.20719465…frontier n-069.md
708.6575008.8809610.22346037…frontier n-070.md
718.7210008.9440720.22307155…open≈frontier n-071.md
728.76000090.24open=frontier n-072.md
738.8130000.187frontier n-073.md

Results on these cases

33 results in the register on these cases, oldest first
  1. 2005 published T-007 · 17 of these cases

    s(n)≥min(⌈n⌉,n−2⌊n⌋+1+1) for 4≤n≤324

    lower bound incomplete on these cases, superseded by T-068, T-074, T-082, T-090, T-091, T-105, T-108, T-110, T-111 and T-145

    Nagamochi · Nagamochi 2005 · source · register

  2. 2026-08-29 established T-009 · case 29

    s(29)≤5.933833…, by a Krawczyk interval certificate

    upper bound confirmed

    Levy · register

  3. 2026-08-30 established T-013 · case 40

    Goebel's n=40 packing: seven verified first-order flexes, each refused at second order

    rigidity confirmed

    Levy · register

  4. 2026-09-04 published T-085 · 17 of these cases

    Nagamochi 2005, Lemma 1 is false for every container with a>3 and b>2

    correction confirmed

    Karakuş; chelokot · Karakuş 2026 · chelokot Nagamochi counterexample 2026 · packet · register

  5. 2026-09-22 published T-044 this result · 17 of these cases

    Weighted point lower bounds for ten counts in n=26…72, plus seven from the same files

    lower bound confirmed superseded by T-068, T-074, T-082, T-090, T-091, T-105, T-108, T-110, T-111 and T-145

    wand125 after Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 point bounds 2026 · packet · source · review · register

  6. 2026-09-22 published T-047 · cases 26, 29

    s(11)≥381/100; s(n)≥1377/250 for n=26…28; s(n)≥571/100 for n=29…31

    lower bound confirmed superseded by T-105 and T-108

    Tokoharu after Levy, wand125, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · Tokoharu density 2026 · packet · source · review · register

  7. 2026-09-24 published T-088 · case 69

    s(69)≤8.82719465572975, Ellsworth's degree-38 packing, certified exactly from its picture

    upper bound confirmed superseded by T-101

    Ellsworth after hmbelvedere, Cantrell, Schadt, Morandi · Ellsworth n69 2026-09-24 · packet · packet · register

  8. 2026-09-27 published T-045 · cases 26, 40

    Rectangle-density lower bounds replayed at 15 counts in n=18…78

    lower bound confirmed superseded by T-105 and T-145

    wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026 · packet · packet · source · review · register

  9. 2026-09-27 published T-046 · 17 of these cases

    Rectangle-density lower bounds reported for 48 counts in n=18…95

    lower bound recorded superseded by T-068, T-074, T-082, T-090, T-091, T-105, T-108, T-110, T-111 and T-145

    wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026 · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-09-28 · packet · packet · register

  10. 2026-09-27 published T-056 · case 68

    Smaller packings for 49 counts from n=68 to 307, each certified two independent ways

    upper bound confirmed superseded by T-118

    Couzo · franciscouzo square-packing 2026-09-27 · packet · register

  11. 2026-09-28 published T-070 · 14 of these cases

    Rectangle-density lower bounds replayed at 25 counts in n=29…95

    lower bound confirmed superseded by T-068, T-074, T-082, T-090, T-091, T-108, T-110 and T-111

    wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-09-28 · packet · packet · source · review · register

  12. 2026-09-29 published T-058 · 17 of these cases

    Rectangle-certificate ceiling α·UB(n) proved for n=1..100; B·UB(n) on 64 grid rows

    method limit confirmed

    wand125 after Tokoharu, Daniel · wand125 tools 2026 · packet · register

  13. 2026-09-29 published T-083 · 17 of these cases

    s(n)≥1/2+n−⌊n⌋+1/4 for every nonsquare 8≤n≤324

    lower bound confirmed on these cases, superseded by T-068, T-074, T-082, T-090, T-091, T-105, T-108, T-110, T-111 and T-145

    Karakuş · Karakuş 2026 · source · register

  14. 2026-10-01 published T-068 · 12 of these cases

    Rectangle-density lower bounds verified at 34 counts in n=19…95

    lower bound confirmed

    wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-10-01 · packet · source · review · register

  15. 2026-10-01 published T-074 · 13 of these cases

    Rectangle-density lower bounds replayed at 31 counts in n=19…95

    lower bound confirmed

    wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-10-01 · packet · packet · source · review · register

  16. 2026-10-02 published T-077 · case 70

    Rectangle-density lower bounds replayed at n=20, 42 and 70

    lower bound confirmed superseded by T-091

    wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-10-02 · packet · packet · source 1 · source 2 · review 1 · review 2 · register

  17. 2026-10-03 published T-082 · 6 of these cases

    Mixed rectangle-measure lower bounds verified at 22 counts in n=51…96

    lower bound confirmed

    wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds 2026-10-03 · packet · packet · source · review · register

  18. 2026-10-04 published T-090 · cases 56, 57, 69, 72

    Mixed rectangle-measure lower bounds verified at 17 counts in n=42…96

    lower bound confirmed

    wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds 2026-10-04 · packet · source · review · register

  19. 2026-10-04 published T-091 · 6 of these cases

    Mixed rectangle-measure lower bounds verified at 17 counts in n=53…95

    lower bound confirmed

    wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds evening 2026-10-04 · packet · source · review · register

  20. 2026-10-05 published T-098 · case 68

    Exact optima of 48 known-best packings: s(n) ≤ S', 3.5e-13 to 5.0e-11 below each printed side

    upper bound confirmed on these cases, superseded by T-118

    Daniel after Couzo, de Winter, Ellsworth, Levy · evand exact optima 2026-10-05 · packet · register

  21. 2026-10-05 published T-101 · 8 of these cases

    Exact certificates of 77 catalogue packings: s(n) ≤ S', 1.2e-16 to 9.8e-15 above each side

    upper bound confirmed

    Daniel after Couzo, de Winter, Ellsworth, Levy · evand exact optima 2026-10-05 · packet · register

  22. 2026-10-06 published T-105 · case 26

    Mixed rectangle-measure lower bound verified at n=26, on a declared net

    lower bound confirmed

    wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds check2 2026-10-06 · packet · source · review · register

  23. 2026-10-06 published T-108 · case 29

    Mixed rectangle-measure lower bound verified at n=29, on a declared net

    lower bound confirmed

    wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds check2 2026-10-06 · packet · source · review · register

  24. 2026-10-06 published T-110 · case 39

    Mixed rectangle-measure lower bound verified at n=39, on a declared net

    lower bound confirmed

    wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds check2 2026-10-06 · packet · source · review · register

  25. 2026-10-06 published T-111 · case 41

    Mixed rectangle-measure lower bound verified at n=41, on a declared net

    lower bound confirmed

    wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds check2 2026-10-06 · packet · source · review · register

  26. 2026-10-07 published T-118 · case 68

    Exact rational ceiling refinements at n=68

    upper bound confirmed

    Rehwaldt after Couzo and earlier contributors · Rehwaldt n68 refinement 2026-10-07 · packet · register

  27. 2026-10-07 published T-124 · cases 56, 57, 72, 73

    Reported non-strict local minima for 178 source configurations

    restricted optimality recorded

    Daniel after Couzo · Daniel exact and local reports 2026 · packet · register

  28. 2026-10-08 published T-125 · case 70

    Complete rational construction reports at 25 counts

    upper bound confirmed

    ry-xu · ry-xu square packing 2026 · packet · register

  29. 2026-10-10 published T-132 · case 29

    Mixed rectangle-measure lower bound s(29)≥291/50 reported, on a 2,073-direction declared net

    lower bound recorded

    wand125 after Tokoharu and Levy · wand125 fine-net n29 2026-10-10 · packet · register

  30. 2026-10-10 published T-133 · case 40

    s(40)>335427/50000=6.70854, by a clipped-corner transfer on a 401-direction net

    lower bound confirmed superseded by T-145

    Guzhou0806 after wand125, Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Burns, Massaccesi · Guzhou0806 n40 clipped corner 2026-10-10 · packet · packet · source 1 · source 2 · review · register

  31. 2026-10-10 published T-137 · case 70

    An exact rational refinement of Ryan Xu's packing of 70 squares

    upper bound confirmed

    Deleeuw after Xu, Levy · Deleeuw n70 refinement 2026-10-10 · packet · register

  32. 2026-10-10 published T-145 · case 40

    s(40)>1340000/199529=6.7158157…, by a continuous-pose interval kernel

    lower bound confirmed

    Guzhou0806 after wand125, Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Burns, Massaccesi · Guzhou0806 n40 continuous pose 2026-10-10 · packet · packet · source 1 · source 2 · review · register

  33. 2026-10-10 published T-146 · case 70

    Exact rational certificates at fifteen counts from Evan Daniel's regularized record lists

    upper bound confirmed

    Daniel after Xu, Chaoweeraprasit, Mishapolk, Levy · Daniel regularized lists 2026-10-10 · packet · register