T-044: Weighted point lower bounds for ten counts in , plus seven from the same files
V3 C3 lower bound confirmed superseded by T-068, T-074, T-082, T-090, T-091, T-105, T-108, T-110, T-111 and T-145
Ten exact weighted point certificates in wand125/square-packing-bounds, of 22 September 2026, prove , , , , , , , , and .
Four more counts follow from the same files: from the file and from the file by monotonicity, and and because the and files have exact mass below 52 and 68, and only the mass condition mentions the count.
Three more follow by monotonicity since 2 October 2026: from the file, from the file and from the file. Nagamochi's closed form, stronger at those counts, had held their verified fields until its published proof was found incomplete (T-085).
Every file was replayed here in full on 22 September 2026 by this repository's exact verifier, sqpack.fractional.certificate, over the complete 201-direction net through the source's adapter check_with_sqpack.py.
wand125, square-packing-bounds, building on this project: the source says "The method is not ours", credits jlevy/squares for the generator, and checks with this project's verifier.
Significance, composition and next rung
- Significance
- The first certificate-backed lower bounds at twelve counts from 39 to 72, above the Green values DS7 has reported without proof since 2009 and above Nagamochi's closed form by 0.02 to 0.21. A substantive family of case results at S3; the generator and verifier are this project's, run by someone else, so it is not S4's new technique.
- Composition
- Ten primary certificates and seven derived counts. At , 54, 57, 71 and 73 the derivation is monotonicity from the , 53, 56, 70 and 72 files; at and 68 it is the exact mass inequality on the and files, recorded as their own audited entries. Each step is one exact comparison and adds no premise, so every count keeps the replay's V3/C3. All five entries are exact-algebraic, which is one machine method.
- Next rung
- V4 and C4 need two adversarial AI reviews by distinct reviewers and a human oversight record, and none is retained. An interval-certified decision of the same ten files with this repository's fractional interval route, which decides weighted point certificates of this schema, would be a second machine method. No packing/tests control reads this packet; the control named is the verifier's own adversarial suite.
wand125's replayed rectangle certificates superseded these as the verified lower bound on 2026-10-02 at (T-045), at , 41, 52, 53, 55 and 68 to 72 (T-070), and at (T-074), the last count they held then. The three counts this entry took the same day when Karakuş's finding (T-085) moved Nagamochi's closed form out of the verified lane, , 57 and 73, were superseded too, at and 57 by T-074 and at by T-070, as the two lines were merged on 2026-10-03; it holds none, and stays true as stated. At and superseded on intake, 2026-09-22, by Tokoharu's density certificates (T-047), before either held the verified field; stays true as stated. - Novelty
- previously-published Present in an identified source
The cases
This result concerns 17 cases, too many to draw one by one. Each is listed with the film’s bounds, the proved lower bound and the best known side, and links to its case record, where its packing and number line are drawn.
| n | Proved lower | Best known | Gap | Status | Records |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 | 5.545000 | 5.621321 | 0.07632034… | open= | frontier n-026.md |
| 29 | 5.810000 | 5.933834 | 0.12383346… | open≈ | frontier n-029.md |
| 39 | 6.650000 | 6.810723 | 0.16072208… | open= | frontier n-039.md |
| 40 | 6.715815 | 6.828428 | 0.11261137… | open=R | frontier n-040.md |
| 41 | 6.775000 | 6.926694 | 0.15169309… | open= | frontier n-041.md |
| 52 | 7.550000 | 7.707107 | 0.15710678… | frontier n-052.md | |
| 53 | 7.627500 | 7.822876 | 0.19537565… | frontier n-053.md | |
| 54 | 7.685000 | 7.846668 | 0.16166719… | frontier n-054.md | |
| 55 | 7.728000 | 7.945772 | 0.21777100… | open≈ | frontier n-055.md |
| 56 | 7.802500 | 8 | 0.1975 | open= | frontier n-056.md |
| 57 | 7.872500 | 0.1275 | frontier n-057.md | ||
| 68 | 8.510000 | 8.798796 | 0.28879523… | frontier n-068.md | |
| 69 | 8.620000 | 8.827195 | 0.20719465… | frontier n-069.md | |
| 70 | 8.657500 | 8.880961 | 0.22346037… | frontier n-070.md | |
| 71 | 8.721000 | 8.944072 | 0.22307155… | open≈ | frontier n-071.md |
| 72 | 8.760000 | 9 | 0.24 | open= | frontier n-072.md |
| 73 | 8.813000 | 0.187 | frontier n-073.md |
Results on these cases
33 results in the register on these cases, oldest first
2005 published T-007 · 17 of these cases
for
lower bound incomplete on these cases, superseded by T-068, T-074, T-082, T-090, T-091, T-105, T-108, T-110, T-111 and T-145
Nagamochi · Nagamochi 2005 · source · register
2026-08-29 established T-009 · case 29
, by a Krawczyk interval certificate
upper bound confirmed
Levy · register
2026-08-30 established T-013 · case 40
Goebel's packing: seven verified first-order flexes, each refused at second order
rigidity confirmed
Levy · register
2026-09-04 published T-085 · 17 of these cases
Nagamochi 2005, Lemma 1 is false for every container with and
correction confirmed
Karakuş; chelokot · Karakuş 2026 · chelokot Nagamochi counterexample 2026 · packet · register
2026-09-22 published T-044 this result · 17 of these cases
Weighted point lower bounds for ten counts in , plus seven from the same files
lower bound confirmed superseded by T-068, T-074, T-082, T-090, T-091, T-105, T-108, T-110, T-111 and T-145
wand125 after Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 point bounds 2026 · packet · source · review · register
2026-09-22 published T-047 · cases 26, 29
; for ; for
lower bound confirmed superseded by T-105 and T-108
Tokoharu after Levy, wand125, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · Tokoharu density 2026 · packet · source · review · register
2026-09-24 published T-088 · case 69
, Ellsworth's degree-38 packing, certified exactly from its picture
upper bound confirmed superseded by T-101
Ellsworth after hmbelvedere, Cantrell, Schadt, Morandi · Ellsworth n69 2026-09-24 · packet · packet · register
2026-09-27 published T-045 · cases 26, 40
Rectangle-density lower bounds replayed at 15 counts in
lower bound confirmed superseded by T-105 and T-145
wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026 · packet · packet · source · review · register
2026-09-27 published T-046 · 17 of these cases
Rectangle-density lower bounds reported for 48 counts in
lower bound recorded superseded by T-068, T-074, T-082, T-090, T-091, T-105, T-108, T-110, T-111 and T-145
wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026 · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-09-28 · packet · packet · register
2026-09-27 published T-056 · case 68
Smaller packings for 49 counts from to , each certified two independent ways
upper bound confirmed superseded by T-118
Couzo · franciscouzo square-packing 2026-09-27 · packet · register
2026-09-28 published T-070 · 14 of these cases
Rectangle-density lower bounds replayed at 25 counts in
lower bound confirmed superseded by T-068, T-074, T-082, T-090, T-091, T-108, T-110 and T-111
wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-09-28 · packet · packet · source · review · register
2026-09-29 published T-058 · 17 of these cases
Rectangle-certificate ceiling
α·UB(n)proved for ..100;B·UB(n)on 64 grid rowsmethod limit confirmed
wand125 after Tokoharu, Daniel · wand125 tools 2026 · packet · register
2026-09-29 published T-083 · 17 of these cases
for every nonsquare
lower bound confirmed on these cases, superseded by T-068, T-074, T-082, T-090, T-091, T-105, T-108, T-110, T-111 and T-145
Karakuş · Karakuş 2026 · source · register
2026-10-01 published T-068 · 12 of these cases
Rectangle-density lower bounds verified at 34 counts in
lower bound confirmed
wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-10-01 · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-01 published T-074 · 13 of these cases
Rectangle-density lower bounds replayed at 31 counts in
lower bound confirmed
wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-10-01 · packet · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-02 published T-077 · case 70
Rectangle-density lower bounds replayed at , 42 and 70
lower bound confirmed superseded by T-091
wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-10-02 · packet · packet · source 1 · source 2 · review 1 · review 2 · register
2026-10-03 published T-082 · 6 of these cases
Mixed rectangle-measure lower bounds verified at 22 counts in
lower bound confirmed
wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds 2026-10-03 · packet · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-04 published T-090 · cases 56, 57, 69, 72
Mixed rectangle-measure lower bounds verified at 17 counts in
lower bound confirmed
wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds 2026-10-04 · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-04 published T-091 · 6 of these cases
Mixed rectangle-measure lower bounds verified at 17 counts in
lower bound confirmed
wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds evening 2026-10-04 · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-05 published T-098 · case 68
Exact optima of 48 known-best packings:
s(n) ≤ S',3.5e-13to5.0e-11below each printed sideupper bound confirmed on these cases, superseded by T-118
Daniel after Couzo, de Winter, Ellsworth, Levy · evand exact optima 2026-10-05 · packet · register
2026-10-05 published T-101 · 8 of these cases
Exact certificates of 77 catalogue packings:
s(n) ≤ S',1.2e-16to9.8e-15above each sideupper bound confirmed
Daniel after Couzo, de Winter, Ellsworth, Levy · evand exact optima 2026-10-05 · packet · register
2026-10-06 published T-105 · case 26
Mixed rectangle-measure lower bound verified at , on a declared net
lower bound confirmed
wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds check2 2026-10-06 · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-06 published T-108 · case 29
Mixed rectangle-measure lower bound verified at , on a declared net
lower bound confirmed
wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds check2 2026-10-06 · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-06 published T-110 · case 39
Mixed rectangle-measure lower bound verified at , on a declared net
lower bound confirmed
wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds check2 2026-10-06 · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-06 published T-111 · case 41
Mixed rectangle-measure lower bound verified at , on a declared net
lower bound confirmed
wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 mixed bounds check2 2026-10-06 · packet · source · review · register
2026-10-07 published T-118 · case 68
Exact rational ceiling refinements at
upper bound confirmed
Rehwaldt after Couzo and earlier contributors · Rehwaldt n68 refinement 2026-10-07 · packet · register
2026-10-07 published T-124 · cases 56, 57, 72, 73
Reported non-strict local minima for 178 source configurations
restricted optimality recorded
Daniel after Couzo · Daniel exact and local reports 2026 · packet · register
2026-10-08 published T-125 · case 70
Complete rational construction reports at 25 counts
upper bound confirmed
ry-xu · ry-xu square packing 2026 · packet · register
2026-10-10 published T-132 · case 29
Mixed rectangle-measure lower bound reported, on a 2,073-direction declared net
lower bound recorded
wand125 after Tokoharu and Levy · wand125 fine-net n29 2026-10-10 · packet · register
2026-10-10 published T-133 · case 40
, by a clipped-corner transfer on a 401-direction net
lower bound confirmed superseded by T-145
Guzhou0806 after wand125, Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Burns, Massaccesi · Guzhou0806 n40 clipped corner 2026-10-10 · packet · packet · source 1 · source 2 · review · register
2026-10-10 published T-137 · case 70
An exact rational refinement of Ryan Xu's packing of 70 squares
upper bound confirmed
Deleeuw after Xu, Levy · Deleeuw n70 refinement 2026-10-10 · packet · register
2026-10-10 published T-145 · case 40
, by a continuous-pose interval kernel
lower bound confirmed
Guzhou0806 after wand125, Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Burns, Massaccesi · Guzhou0806 n40 continuous pose 2026-10-10 · packet · packet · source 1 · source 2 · review · register
2026-10-10 published T-146 · case 70
Exact rational certificates at fifteen counts from Evan Daniel's regularized record lists
upper bound confirmed
Daniel after Xu, Chaoweeraprasit, Mishapolk, Levy · Daniel regularized lists 2026-10-10 · packet · register
Links
- On this site
- The frontier survey · T-044 in the results table
On GitHub, at main
- Register
- T-044 in
results.yaml, line 3778 - Evidence
E-wand125-point-bounds-report·E-wand125-point-monotone-report·E-wand125-point-source-replay·E-wand125-n052-derived-lower·E-wand125-n068-derived-lower- Proofs and certificates
- certificate
certificates· proofcertificate.py· auditreview-2026-09-22-tokoharu-density-mathematics.md· certificatecert_n53_L738.json· certificatecert_n69_L841.json - Sources
- wand125 point bounds 2026 (its own site, retained copy)
- Source packet
resources/web/external-square-certificates-2026-09-22/README.md- Artifacts
7 artifacts and controls
resources/web/external-square-certificates-2026-09-22/README.mdresources/web/external-square-certificates-2026-09-22/wand125-points/README.mdresources/web/external-square-certificates-2026-09-22/wand125-points/src/check_with_sqpack.pyresources/web/external-square-certificates-2026-09-22/receipts/wand125-points/sqpack-exact-replay.logsrc/sqpack/fractional/certificate.pydocs/project/reviews/review-2026-09-22-external-square-certificates-integration.mdtests/test_fractional_certificate.py- Case file
- each case’s file is linked from its row above