T-066: s(59)=8, by a mixed cover of points and grid-line segments

V3 C3 optimality confirmed

2026-10-01 published · wand125 after Daniel, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · n=59

s(59)=8: the lower half by wand125's mixed cover of 1 October 2026, the upper half by the 8×8 grid. The cover's total is below 60 and 61 too, so it gives s(60)=8 and s(61)=8 as well, a second route to T-062 and T-063.

The cover is 26,308 weighted points of [0,8]^2 plus mass spread uniformly along 5,240 segments of length 1/50 on the interior grid lines, total 1474762899/25000000 = 58.99051596 < 59, exactly D4-invariant, in Evan Daniel's mixed format. Every closed unit square in [0,8]^2 captures mass at least one, so a packing of 59 at side below 8, scaled up to side 8, would capture at least 59. It was made with Daniel's line-cover linear program from his s(60)=8 cover, and scaled to a margin the source puts at about 0.09% over the exact threshold.

The source reports the cover accepted by Daniel's zmx2, with outward-rounded binary64 enclosures, over 6,400 symmetry-reduced roots and 51,200 unreduced ones, none uncertified. Its exact-rational evidence is two zm_mixed.py runs whose joint coverage cannot be checked from what is published, so it is not recorded here. It has no Lean statement.

zmx2 was replayed here in full on 2 October 2026, over all 6,400 D4 roots and all 51,200 unreduced roots, none uncertified, with the box totals the source states; its run records are not published, so no root-for-root comparison was possible.

wand125, square-packing-bounds, building directly on Evan Daniel's method, format, checkers and s(60) cover. Registration was requested in jlevy/squares#280. The source says parts of the work were produced with AI assistance under human direction.

Significance, composition and next rung
Significance
An exact value for a case that was open, by Daniel's recipe applied one count lower, and a second route to T-062 and T-063: a substantive case result, not a new technique or a family, so S3 beside T-062 and below T-052, which introduced line mass. The 2 October review of the s(59) and s(77) covers confirmed the draft.
Composition
Compound, and the minimum is set by the lower half. The lower half is E-n059-wand125-mixed-cover-zmx2-replay (interval-certified, zmx2 replayed here), the upper half the grid (E-basic-grid-upper, exact-algebraic); the equality is C3, as T-052 and T-053 read theirs. The checker is Daniel's, which also decides T-062, so the two routes to s(60) and s(61) share one checker. The source's two-run zm_mixed.py composite is not recorded as evidence (review finding F1).
Next rung
V4 and C4 need two adversarial AI reviews by distinct reviewers and a human oversight record; one adversarial review is retained. A complete zm_mixed.py sweep, about 127 CPU-hours at the source, recorded as a second, exact-algebraic entry, would give the lower half a second machine method; the per-root records the source published on 4 October in answer to finding F1 can be checked against it (think-mx3k). V5 would need a Lean statement for this cover and a human expert's review of the formalization.
Novelty
previously-published Present in an identified source

The case

Case record

n=59

8
789
7.6818.681
nn+1

Proven

s(59)=8

  • optimal
  • exact

Citation record n-059

lowerwand125 after Daniel, Levy et al. 2026, GitHub (confirmed T-066)

The case record

LowerUpper
Verified88
Reported88
Gap0 solved: the verified bounds meet

Results on the case

8 results in the register on n=59, oldest first, each with what it established and how it stands now.

  1. 2005 published T-007

    s(n)≥min(⌈n⌉,n−2⌊n⌋+1+1) for 4≤n≤324

    V0 C1 lower bound incomplete on this case, superseded by T-066

    Nagamochi · Nagamochi 2005 · source · register

  2. 2026-09-04 published T-085

    Nagamochi 2005, Lemma 1 is false for every container with a>3 and b>2

    V3 C3 correction confirmed

    Karakuş; chelokot · Karakuş 2026 · chelokot Nagamochi counterexample 2026 · packet · register

  3. 2026-09-27 published T-046

    Rectangle-density lower bounds reported for 48 counts in n=18…95

    V0 C0 lower bound recorded superseded by T-066

    wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026 · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-09-28 · packet · packet · register

  4. 2026-09-28 published T-070

    Rectangle-density lower bounds replayed at 25 counts in n=29…95

    V3 C3 lower bound confirmed superseded by T-066

    wand125 after Tokoharu, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 rectangle bounds 2026-09-28 · packet · packet · source · review · register

  5. 2026-09-29 published T-058

    Rectangle-certificate ceiling α·UB(n) proved for n=1..100; B·UB(n) on 64 grid rows

    V3 C3 method limit confirmed

    wand125 after Tokoharu, Daniel · wand125 tools 2026 · packet · register

  6. 2026-09-29 published T-083

    s(n)≥1/2+n−⌊n⌋+1/4 for every nonsquare 8≤n≤324

    V3 C3 lower bound confirmed on this case, superseded by T-066

    Karakuş · Karakuş 2026 · source · register

  7. 2026-10-01 published T-066 this result

    s(59)=8, by a mixed cover of points and grid-line segments

    V3 C3 optimality confirmed

    wand125 after Daniel, Levy, Stromquist, Nagamochi, Burns, Massaccesi · wand125 exact covers 2026-10-01 · packet · source · review · register

  8. 2026-10-07 published T-124

    Reported non-strict local minima for 178 source configurations

    V0 C0 restricted optimality recorded

    Daniel after Couzo · Daniel exact and local reports 2026 · packet · register